As we begin the unit on Public Policy development and you work on your projects- one thing will be consistent:
Forming Policy is a SLOW process with too many people involved.
In forming policy, Congressmen work with the bureaucratic agency who oversees the policy, state and local governments, desires of their constituents, legal restraints, financial costs, and personal desires.
The President deals with the exact same list of issues and the relationships with foreign heads of state when forming foreign policy.
In history we've seen many legislative/presidential programs that are now famous: Roosevelt's Big Stick Policy, FDR's New Deal, JFK's New Frontier, LBJ's Great Society, Reagan's Russia/Start Negotiations, Nixon's Vietnamization, etc.
Choose any one of the items on the lost and do the following:
1. define the parameters and desires of the policy
2. What factors influenced shaping the policy
3. What was the outcome of the policy
4. Determine whether the public thought it was successful or not/ public attitude then and now! (make sure to look at then and now)
Next week's will be on a contemporary policy. This one is designed to get you looking at policy more holistically. :)
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1. Roosevelt was determined to enforce the "New Deal" legislation in order to focus on the “Three Rs”: relief, recovery, and reform. That is, relief for the unemployed / poor, recovery of the economy, and reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat of the depression.
ReplyDelete2. With the Depresssion hitting its highest peak in 1933, the incoming Democratic President, Roosevelt, had to act quickly to save the economic collapse. With his party's landslide victory, the Democrats controlled both houses in Congress, giving them the power to quickly and easily pass legislation. This resulted in Roosevelt’s consequtive (successful) passings of legislation during his first “100 days”.
3. The policy might not have reduced unemployment rates drastically, however it did provide some relief for the nation's economic plumit and stopped it from continuing to crumble. The policy also expanded the powers of the President and federal government, because both were forced to become directly responsible for the well-being of the nation.
4. Although, Democrats and Republicans currently debate whether or not the leglislation was right or wrong (due high government involvent), both parties still support some of the New Deal programs. For an example, programs such as Social Security and the Securities and Exchange Commission are still popular today. However, during those times, the policies even more accepted because, of the Great Depression. Only when the United States partcipated in WWII, was it able to pull itself out of the hole.
1. Civil rights equality for everyone was one desire, as well as no poverty, unemployment or children going to bed hungry at night. There was also guns and butter where he had a lot of money on military funding and also spent equal amounts on education, poverty and welfare.
ReplyDelete2. The civil rights movement with Martin Luther King Jr. helped shape this.
3. Very serious national debt, as well as failure in Vietnam and social programs that are still ongoing such as medicare, medicaid, and others that have only recently been undone such as welfare.
4. Liberals supported it, conservatives didn't. Conservatives felt that the government was taking initiative away from people by just handing them a welfare check. But now, a lot of it was done away with under Clinton's administration, so there's not really that much to think of it right now.
Nixon’s Vietnamization
ReplyDelete1. Found in the Nixon Doctrine, the purpose was to get the South Vietnamese to engage more in the war America could slowly draw its troops out. To do this, the U.S. army would train the South Vietnamese army to fight.
2. Nixon’s political advisor, Henry Kissinger, told him that Vietnam was a bad idea. Protests at home were getting out of control, and the war on communism had taken its toll on the U.S.
3. The outcome was not what Nixon hoped for. The war effort collapsed, and South Vietnam could still not hold its own the North Korea, losing its liberty.
4. Then: not successful. Those in the counter-culture movement wanted nothing to do with war in the first place, and the “silent majority” was let down by communism winning. Now: not much has changed. The war was not successful on our end, and training the troops did not guarantee their freedom.
Big Stick Policy
ReplyDelete1. The "Big Stick Policy" followed along the lines of “speak softly and carry a big stick,”essentially negotiating peacefully while threatening with the military when necessary.
2. Roosevelt's stubborn mentality and need to take initiative in handling foreign relations after the assassination of McKinley formed his policy, and seeing the necessity for affairs to be acted upon such as the building of the Panama canal greatly contributed.
3. As a result, America greatly increased its influence in foreign affairs: building the Panama Canal, issuing the Roosevelt Corollary, his negotiating a peace treaty in the Russo-Japanese incident
4. At the time, Roosevelt's actions made the U.S. one of the most powerful nations, but his aggressive, proactive intervention solutions like taking Panama from Colombia were bad marks on his record. Though he earned himself the name of "modern president", in hindsight we see that he disregarded the constitution and was overbearing with decisions like the Roosevelt Corollary.
cody, which policy are you talking about? i'm sure if i thought about it for 2 seconds or actually recalled anything from apush last year i could figure it out. but it's much easier if you just say.
ReplyDeleteNew Deal
ReplyDelete1. The desires of the program were in general to bring the economy out of a horrible recession. It was based on the three r's; releif, recovery, reform. The whole program itself was in place in order to bring the economu out of the recession and then prevent it from happening again.
2. The major factor was obviously the depression. Everyone knew that something had to be done. If the problem was left alone, nothing would be accomplished.
3.The outcome was beneficial. It didnt necessarily solve the depression, but it kept it from getting worse and did help in general. The real outcome was the increased role the federal gov played in the manner.
4.At the time people agreed with it on the premises that they had no better method of solving the problem. Now, most people see it as a positive. It helped pull the nation together and created some programs we still have to this day
1) FDR's New Deal policies were designed for relief, reform, and recovery. FDR wanted to provide relief for the poor and the unemployed, reform the financial system to prevent another collapse in the market, and recover the economy to what it was before the great crash.
ReplyDelete2) I would say the major factor that influenced these policies was the millions of people that went broke and unemployed due to the stock market crash. FDR wanted to assure people that the government was going to do their best to restore the U.S.. Also many of the New Deal's policies came from other ideas proposed by Andrew JAckson and Thomas Jefferson.
3) The outcome of these programs led to a slow but steady economic recovery. Some of the major acts passed during the New Deal period were the Social-Security Act. and the WPA which helped create millions of jobs. Also the Banking Act helped people trust the bank system again.
4)I think the public thought that the New Deal was great back then because it helped everyone recover from the depression and most of the programs implemented helped to get america back on its feet. I also think that the attitude towards the New Deal today remains the same as it did before. After all, we still have the Social security Act. and the Banking Act intact today.
Reagan's Russia
ReplyDelete1. Reagan's foreign policy was to build up the American army to unprecidented peacetime levels and prepare for aggressive negotiations. Reagan wanted to actively detain Communism, not only in the USSR, but also in the Middle East and Latin America.
2. Reagan was tired of the detente policy of President Nixon and Ford, and felt that the USSR was taking advantage of this relaxed attitude to further their actions. Reagan felt that the SALT talks were also to weak in blocking USSR movement.
3. Reagan attempted the Strategic Defensice Initiative (SDI), or Star Wars program, which was supposed to produce a network of satellite missiles, however not only did these testings fail, but the failed project cost America a trillion dollars. While Reagan's aggressive foreign policy was never quite put into action in the USSR, due to Mikhail Gorbechev's (the Soviet Union's new leader) willingness to peaceably negotiate, Reagan did however send many troops to Lebanon , missiled Libya, and also sent troops to train Nicaraguans.
4. Reagan's policies proved a bit ineffective in quickly solving foreign complications. His tactics involved aggressive military action that did not always end favorably. Americans then and now appreciate Reagan's ability to negotiate with the Soviet Union, however his other actions were and are seen as costly. However, despite America's slight disapproval of his aggresive foriegn policy, the government has seemed to imitate his policies with the Middle East and the War on Terror.
JFK's New Frontier
ReplyDelete1. When John F. Kennedy took office, USSR had sent Sputnik into space. President Kennedy wanted to have Americans in space by the end of the decade. The main goals was to stay with USSR and not fall behind.
2. What helped started the policy was USSR's sputnik. With Sputnik in the air, many Americans were afraid of what USSR can perform. Since the United States was falling behind, Congress put in billions of dollars into NASA to compete. Domestically, he wanted to have another new deal like FDR.
3. Since Congress was dominated by Republicans ans conservative southern Democrats, most of JFK's policy had been denied. The space frontier was a success while medicare, federal support for education, and wilderness protection all became part of Lyndon Johnson's Great Society.
4. It seems as if the new frontier had some success as the Peace Corps and Alliance for Progress was made. JFK wanted a man on the moon and he got a man on the moon; even if he was assassinated. Back then, JFK was loved so people only see the positives rather than the negatives. Today, we can see that it has a little of both success and failure.
LBJ's Great society
ReplyDelete1! The objective of the LBJ's great society program was to create a better america. LBJ envisioned a wealthy and healthy America where poverty didn't exist and put his entire presidency into fighting poverty.
2? The main influence on LBJ that pushed him into making the great society program was JFK. JKf's assassination shocked the nation and LBJ the vice president believed that it was now his duty to finish what JFK started. The force the pushed LBJ to create the Great Society was his desire to prove himself to the american citizens that he was a worthy leader and could help america where it needed it, at home.
3. The outcome of LBJ's Great Society is gigantic. LBJ passed several major peices of legislature that affected all americans; one of them , the Wilderness Protection Act protected 9.1 million acres of forestlan from industrialzation!!! Also he passed several other evironmental and education programs. He also passed a program that helped immigrants by stopping the qouta-limitations based on ethnicity.
4!!!! While LBJ was in presidency his legislature was nt only effective but also supported by the currently very liberal america. It soon turend sour though because of the vietnam war which drained LBJ of his funds for his war on poverty. The war in vietnam greatly affected LBJ and ruined his chances of successfully creating his Great Society. In the end LBJ was probaly swept under the rug during his time period thanks to the war, now though we can see the impact of his Great society and it's importance to america.
Also @ CODY Which program(s) did you do?? Which president to be more precise.?
@ Jonah... What do you mean he Missiled Libya??? LIke he nuked them, gassed them or...??
^_^
@ Mason; I know the great society was a failure but there were success in his end. Was the great society more on the successful side or failure end?
ReplyDelete@ Lacie; I think you made a type but you said "The war effort collapsed, and South Vietnam could still not hold its own the North Korea, losing its liberty." Are you saying south Vietnam could not hold its own against north Vietnam?
@ Khanh- Basically, yes, since North Korea won the war.
ReplyDelete@ Victoria (and anyone else who did New Deal)- Yes, the FDR’s New Deal was effective, but it was ultimately WWII that brought us out of the Depression. Do you think that the New Deal would have ever completely saved us if WWII hadn’t come along?
@ Sara- Roosevelt’s Big Stick policy sounds almost like a contradiction: be aggressive yet peaceful. You mention both the positives and negatives mentioned in this approach; which one was greater, the positives or negatives? Why don’t we use it today, since it seemed to work so well back then?
@ Lacie; You mean North Vietnam. I don't remember Koreans fighting in Vietnam. War in Korea ended in a stalemate.
ReplyDelete@ Lacie- Don't mean to answer questions for other people, but lacie, I read your comment to Sarah. And when we say Roosevelt wanted to be peaceful yet aggressive we mean to say that he wanted to make peaceful negotiations, and seem peaceful on the surface, but really have a strong army to, under the surface, pressure other nations. If you think about it, it's a little hard to pressure other countries now, because we aren't quite as dominant as we used to be, plus the fact that we're pretty occupied in the middle east. But then I guess u could say we're following a Big Stick policy in the middle east.
ReplyDelete@ Mason- to answer ur question, the us missiled Libya's leader's home at the time, something along those lines. And u say lb.'s programs were cut short cuz of the war, so have any of his programs been reattempted so that his great society could be completed?
@ Lacie
ReplyDeleteto some extent we still do use it today with the executive branch being supreme in foreign policy matters. In a way, it's kind of similar to us being in Iraq.
I can't say one outweighs the other, because in a sense it was because of this policy that America became so powerful, but it wasn't necessarily the best way to go about doing it. We kind of became "policemen of the world," but in doing so Roosevelt sent the military into foreign affairs without the consent of congress and also negotiated agreements with foreign nations without senate ratification. but once again, we wouldn't be where we are today as such a dominant world power without it.
Big Stick Policy
ReplyDelete1. The Big Stick Policy was about doing your talking with your actions. Don't just sit there and take crap from other people or from other nations, and also don't just talk the talk, but when necessary pull out your big guns of the military and keep your name as a superpower.
2. Since McKinley was assassinated President Roosevelt decided that America wasn't getting the job done. Foreign affairs across the world needed to be handled differently, and Roosevelet being the very stubborn and straightforward man that he was knew that the solution was going to revolve around a strong military.
3. Foreign affairs in America boomed. We built the Panama Canal, negotiated peace for Japan and Russia, and much more. We regained respect and could then be called a can-do nation, not a can-talk nation.
4. Roosevelt was very aggressive in his policy, and even though the strong attempts made America one of the world's greatest super powers, Roosevelt managed to look like a jerk when some of his actions seemed out of line like taking Panama. Today, we remember Roosevelt as a great President but some of things he did actually seem to go against the Constitution like the Roosevelt Corollary.
@Mitch
ReplyDeleteDo you think that today's stimulus package is anything like the new deal? Is it aimed at solving the same problems?
You said that today we look at the New Deal as a good thing that was necessary, I wonder if thats how we will look back at the stimulus
@Khan
ReplyDeleteI wonder where space exploration would be today if Kennedy had not pushed so hard to make it to space and then one day to the moon. Today we see NASA's space program losing funding and its only fifty years removed from the most exciting advancement in science, making it to the moon.
In a way i guess it is a similar idea. The governement usin some good old fasion keynes econ and gettin involved. In both they jumped in the help, i think the biggest difference is that for the new deal FDR was more about creating programs for the counrty and the stimulus just pumped money into the economy
ReplyDelete@ Kahnh- Oops! My bad. It's been a terribly long week, so that's how it effected my brain. Sorry about that but thanks for catching my mistake :)
ReplyDelete@ Jonah- Interesting applying it to modern day, since it still works.
@ Sara- Very true. It really has given us the upper-hand.
New Deal
ReplyDelete1. The desire when putting in place the new deal was to help get the nation out of the Great Depression. It was designed on the three r's, relief, recovery, and reform. FDR hoped to get out of the Depression, and for it to never come back.
2. The Great Depression was the main reason this series of legislation came about.
3. This series of legislation helped bring the nation out of the Depression, but was not the sole reason, WW2 did most of that work. However, it established a new precident in the involment of the national government in such issues, and established new programs for the nation such as the Social Security Act.
4. Back thewn, people saw this new deal as a way out of the depression. It really helped FDR because it showed people he was involved in trying to make their lives better. Now, it is still looked at with high regard, as it put in place acts that are still used to this day to make life easier
@mason- do you really think LBJ only passed this legislation to show he was capable? it seems it was more to make our nation better collectively
ReplyDelete@jonah- i find it interesting that although this legislation by Reagan was so detrimental, he is still looked at as one of the better presidents in our nation. Maybe this situation was just swept under the rug and citizents today are ignorant to it.
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ReplyDeleteFDR's New Deal
ReplyDelete1.Based on Relief, Recovery, and Reform, FDR's New Deal was designed to take the economy out of the recession in which the it was found.
2.The factor that influenced the making of the policy was the Great Depression.
3.The outcomes of the policy were that women, artists, farmers and other workers had programs developed for them. In the end however, the depression was not solved.
4.During FDR's time, the New Deal was seen as a positive due to the fact that it provided good programs for people to get back on their feet. Now, the policy is still seen as a good thing, but also as ineffective as far as what it was intended to do.
Roosevelt's Big Stick Policy
ReplyDelete1. Roosevelt's big stick doctrine, derived from the African proverb "speak softly and carry a big stick", was essentially a method of negotiation. Roosevelt believed the threat of military intervention was enough to give his words more impact, and used this to his advantage in Latin America.
2. Roosevelt was obviously influence by the African proverb that lent the big stick policy its name. Also, President McKinley's assassination called for a more aggressive stance.
3. Roosevelt was successful in acting on his policy, from striking down the Anthracite coal strike to building the Panama Canal. The Roosevelt Corollary demonstrates the effectiveness of carrying the "big stick" in foreign negotiation.
4. Although seemingly aggressive or stubborn in some of his actions, many Americans in the past and today were glad to see something done. In essence, the ends justify the means, and Americans are always happy when we come out on top
Jake Felton, I find it interesting that there are split views in regards to Johnson's Great Society. Don't you find it interesting that Republicans don't really support it because the government is highly active in the plan? Yet, ironically it provides Medicare for elders, who for the most part vote Republican?
ReplyDeleteLacie, to answer your question...no, I don't think that the New Deal would have completely pulled the nation out of the whole. The government did not posses any surplus that would have given it the to opportunity to decrease unemployment levels by offering/providing jobs. So, yes it did provide some relief; however, a complete cure: i highly doubt.
Khanh, I found it interesting that out of all of the policies here, yours and Jonah's were the only few that made attempts in regards to unpredicted disasters. JFK was very smart in the fact that he took action, before trouble started or began. Most presidents, as in my case with Roosevelt, enforced plans to help the nation's situation. I agree that things like economic collapses do occur. However, somethings like "laissez faire polices" probably should not occur that freely.
@Sarah, I did LBJ's great society, actually.
ReplyDeleteAnd I posted this comment days ago, but forgot to enter the captcha and closed the browser.
New Deal Beacuse its the easiest
ReplyDelete1. Its attempts as stated by everyone previous were the thre R's Relief Recovery and Reform. It's parameters were unlike anything previous of its time. Due to the economic dowturn a dramatic change was necessary and so Roosevelt implemented drastic policies
2. the obvious factor is the fact that the country was in the worst economic time it ever has been.. still to this day... and the country needed immediate and long term relief. It was a near impossible job but FDR's success puts him down as one of the greatest presidents of all time.
3. the outcome was the implementing of jobs and unemployment numbers decreasing due to government sponsored jobs and building project such as the TVA. With the help of WW2 our economy was stabilized but the 10o days congress andRoosevelt provided direct relief to people and helped define the Democratic Ideology permanantly of direct help to the people rather than businesses.
4. the public loved it back then and still looks at it as a success today. Especially due to the fact that Hoover was a total degenerate and didnt take APUSH so that just made Roosevelt look even better and his landslide victory shows that. Today as we are in another ecomonic dowturn, not quite like the depression, we still look to implement similar policies to help "stimluate" the economy with direct help such as cash for clunkers and medicare reform
@ Jake Hunt
ReplyDeleteI agree that it was successful and looked at in high regards but its interesting to think that social security has made life easier for a lot of people but at the expense of the middle and upper middle class. Also the fact that it is now millions of dollars in debt shows that maybe it wasnt such a good idea or maybe should have implemented differently
1. Lyndon B Johnson's Great Society was a series of programs designed to eliminate poverty in America as well as achieve racial equality. The Great Society produced programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. TGS also focused on the arts and sciences with the National Endowment for the Arts and other legislation.
ReplyDelete2. Lyndon himself was the primary catalyst behind The Great Society. He passed many things JFK didn't. The civil rights movement also fueled his efforts.
3. Johnson efforts were rewarded, Medicare and Medicaid still exist today, along with other programs of his. Whether that's a good thing or not remains controversial.
4. Debate over The Great Society is really a debate over government aid, some people thing it goes against traditional American values, while others deem it necessary in these times.